Harald Hardrada (Harald Sigurdsson, 1015–1066 CE) was a legendary Norse king, warrior, and adventurer often referred to as the “Last Great Viking.” His life was marked by extraordinary achievements and dramatic battles, culminating in his claim to the English throne and his death at the Battle of Stamford Bridge.
Early Life and Exile
Harald was born into Norwegian nobility and was the half-brother of King Olaf II of Norway (Saint Olaf). After Olaf was defeated and killed in battle in 1030, Harald fled Norway and began a remarkable period of exile and adventure.
The Varangian Guard
During his exile, Harald traveled to the Byzantine Empire, where he became a prominent member of the elite Varangian Guard, a group of Viking mercenaries serving the Byzantine emperors. Harald distinguished himself in military campaigns across the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and even into the Kievan Rus’. His time with the Varangians earned him immense wealth and fame.
Return to Norway and Kingship
In 1045, Harald returned to Norway, sharing the throne with Magnus the Good, his nephew. After Magnus’s death in 1047, Harald became the sole ruler of Norway. As king, he implemented reforms, strengthened his kingdom, and engaged in military campaigns to expand his influence.
The Invasion of England
Harald is best remembered for his attempt to claim the English throne in 1066. Believing he had a legitimate claim based on old agreements, Harald invaded England with a large Viking army. Initially successful, he won the Battle of Fulford near York. However, his campaign ended disastrously at the Battle of Stamford Bridge on September 25, 1066, where he was defeated and killed by the forces of King Harold Godwinson of England.
Harald Hardrada’s death marked the end of the Viking Age as a major historical era. His life embodied the adventurous and warlike spirit of the Vikings, and his exploits have been immortalised in Norse sagas and historical accounts. His ambitious nature and military prowess earned him the enduring title of “Hardrada,” meaning “Hard Ruler.”
